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title: 'Introduction to Graph Traversal' description: 'Understand graphs, graph traversal, and why BFS and DFS are fundamental algorithms for exploring connected data.' course: algorithms module: 'BFS vs DFS' order: 1 gate: public draft: false date: '2026-10-01' tags: - graphs - graph-traversal - bfs - dfs - algorithms

Introduction to Graph Traversal

Graphs are one of the most important data structures in computer science.

They are used to represent relationships between entities such as:

Users connected on a social network
Cities connected by roads
Web pages connected by links
Servers connected in a network
Courses connected by prerequisites
Dependencies between software packages

To work with a graph, we often need to visit its nodes systematically.

This process is called graph traversal.

In this module, we will focus on two fundamental graph traversal algorithms:

Breadth-First Search (BFS)
Depth-First Search (DFS)

What Is a Graph?

A graph is a collection of vertices (nodes) connected by edges.

For example:

A ----- B
|       |
|       |
C ----- D

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